The Bishop and the Butterfly: Murder, Politics, and the End of the Jazz Age
    Wattree's picture

    A MESSAGE TO BLACK AMERICA: OUR HISTORY LIES BEFORE US

    I just read a snippet from an old article in Essence Magazine indicating that researchers have uncovered new information suggesting that Cleopatra may not have been Black. The article brought back to mind a piece I read by Earl Ofari Hutchinson many years ago entitled, Whose Black History To Believe? In that very insightful article Hutchinson points out that black history tends to be given either short shrift by traditional historians, or is exaggerated beyond all recognition by historians of a more Afrocentric persuasion. His premise is that both approaches do a disservice to African-American history. His analysis shows that African-Americans would be better served by a more balanced interweaving of African-American history into the fabric of American history as a whole.

    While I'm in total agreement with both his premise and analysis, I think it's important to take this issue one step farther. We need to explore why so many of us feel the need to exaggerate our history in the first place. We also need to understand how this game we find ourselves involved in distracts us from the bigger picture.
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    The importance of cultural history is that it contributes to the collective self-esteem of a people. It brings cohesion by giving the members of a given group something in common to rally around as their own. A culture, much like an individual, is so much in need of a feeling of self-esteem that it invariably manufactures its own history, which often bears little or no resemblance to reality. For those very reasons, therefore, much of history is a lie. In fact, history itself has been defined as "A lie agreed upon."
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    My personal definition of history is "The often exaggerated, and invariably sanitized account of ordinary men committing unconscionable atrocities in the name of God." So I generally ignore the heroics of history, because that's generally a lie. I use history as a general outline so I can look over my shoulder to avoid obstacles, much like I look over my shoulder when I'm pulling out of my driveway. But I never lose sight of the fact that the point of getting into my car in the first place is to reach my destination, and in order to do that, I must look forward and focus my primary attention on what's before me, not where I've been.
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    A concrete example of how the myth of history works can be seen by looking back at the Vietnam War. Having never lost a war at that time, upon entering the Vietnam War the United States had already geared up for manufacturing a history to justify its presence in Vietnam, much like we're struggling with today to justify the war in Iraq. The U.S. Finally came up with what was called "The Domino Theory." According to this theory, the North Vietnamese were merely fronting for Communist China, and if the United States allowed South Vietnam to fall to the North Vietnamese, people in that part of the world would be slaughtered, and all the rest of the countries in the area would fall like "dominoes" to Chinese communism. 
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    If the United States had won the Vietnam war that lie would have become an official part of world history. Young children all over the world would have read it as gospel for eons. But since the United States didn't win, this would-be "historical fact" has been left without a home, and now, forty years later, the lie stands as a glaring example of how nations manufacture lies to justify their conduct.
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    The United States is not unique in fabricating history, however. All nations and all cultures do it. If Germany had won WWII the history of that war would have been written from an entirely different perspective; If Great Britain had won The Revolutionary War, the esteemed forefathers of the United States would have been remembered as a group similar to the way the United States currently view The Black Panther Party, or Cinque and the Symbionese Liberation Army. 
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    Similarly, in just the past thirty years the GOP has all but deified Ronald Reagan, when in reality, he should have been impeached and jailed for trading arms to the enemy of the United States and flooding America's inner cities with drugs to generate revenue to support his illegal war in Nicaragua. So, again, much of history is nothing more than a lot of exaggerated, and/or, sanitized nonsense. 
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    An example of this principle at work on a cultural level can be found in the White culture's touting of Benny Goodman as "The King of Swing", or Elvis Presley as "The King of Rock n Roll." We know that's not true today, but as time passes, and there's no one left to attest to the inaccuracy of such claims, eventually it'll become a "historical fact"-- or factoid (something repeated so often that it is seen as a fact).
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    So it is clear that the history game is just that--a game. But it's a game that black Americans should only play quite sparingly if at all, since due to the unique position of the African-American in legitimate modern history, we come to this game with a decided disadvantage. 
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    The African-American culture is a relatively new culture, thus, our history is verifiable. Therefore, African-Americans don't have the machinery in place to effectively promote the hype necessary to fully participate in the history game. But since, in any event, the game only serves to divert our attention from what is really important--getting on with the business of building true viability as a people--black participation in the game is nothing more than an exercise in me-too-ism.
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    But it seems that whenever I hear a discussion on Black pride, someone always brings up the issue of Egypt, and whether or not Cleopatra was Black. Black people have got to understand that the issue is not important–in fact, it's academic. While it is always good to stay in touch with one's roots, the fact is, the African-American culture has long since ceased being purely African--even though the continent of Africa will always define the core of our being--and any connection that we may, or may not have had with Egypt and/or Cleopatra is remote at best, at least, in a strictly cultural sense. It's as though we're going around, hat in hand, desperately searching for a piece of history to call our own. We shouldn't place ourselves in that position–it's undignified, pathetic, and wholly unnecessary.
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    We must begin to understand that we are a new culture. We ceased being Africans when it became necessary to adapt to the fields and ghettos of America.  Neither are we simply Americans--we became something more than simply Americans when it became necessary to become more than simple Americans for our very survival. We are a brand new culture--a culture conceived in pain, delivered into turmoil, baptized in deprivation, and weaned on injustice. And since adversity is experience, and experience translates into knowledge, we don't have a thing to be ashamed of. The uniquely pointed adversity that we have experienced makes us more, rather than less. Thus, we are a culture that is only now in the infancy of its development. For that reason, we cannot hope to compete, lie-for-lie, with ancient cultures relative to history, since our history is only now being written. But for that very same reason, we don't have to try to compete.
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    The fact that we are a new culture doesn't mean that we are anything less than the older cultures, it simply means that our greatest contribution to man lies before us. We don't have to look back to antiquity to find a source of pride, all we have to do is study the life and times of our parents, our grandparents, and that generation of black people born between the turn of the century and WWII. 
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    In less than 50 years, the Black people of that generation went from housekeepers and flunkies to the boardrooms of multinational corporations. In less than 50 years, they went from playing washboards and tin cans on the side of the road, to becoming some of the greatest musicians the world has ever known. In less than 50 years these people have gone from the defenseless and nameless victims of public lynchings, to laying a foundation, along with their White supporters (who must not be forgotten), that led directly to Barack Obama becoming the leader of the most powerful nation on Earth--and that is a chapter in history that is verifiable.
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    The most cursory glance demonstrates that there is something unusually unique about this new culture. While social scientists have postulated that all minority cultures must assimilate, dilute, and subordinate themselves to the dominant cultural soup, there is clear evidence that the African-American culture has had a much greater impact on the dominant culture than is the reverse. 
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    Members of the dominant cultural group under fifty years of age have more in common with the African-American culture in terms of attitudes, style, and personal taste, than they have with their own grandparents. Black music--Jazz, Blues, Rap, and, yes, Rock n Roll--is the predominate music, not only in the United States, but in the entire world. Every time a Rock group goes on stage, they sing a tribute to nameless slaves moanin' in the fields--and just to turn on a radio or television set anywhere in the Western world, is to pay a tribute to Duke, Bird, Miles, and Diz.
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    In addition, the United States of America has honored only four men in history by declaring the day of their birth a national day of celebration--Jesus Christ of Nazareth, widely accepted by many as the father of all mankind; President George Washington, the father of this nation; Christopher Columbus, the man credited with discovering the Americas (along with the native Americans who were already a part thereof); and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a man whose forebears were brought to these shores in chains. 
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    That says a lot about that humble black man—and it says just as much about his people. In spite of the fact that Dr. King began his life burdened by the inherent disadvantages of being blessed with black skin in a Jim Crow environment, his words, his intellect, and his deeds so inspired the heart and soul of humanity that America saw fit to set aside a day for this nation--this world--to thank God that he was allowed to walk among us. His was a soul with such strength that it served to lift the rest of mankind to a higher level of humanity. That's not only a testament to one black man's ability to pull himself from the dust of his humble beginnings, it's also a testament to the capacity of his people to meet the test of greatness--and that's a history that is verifiable.
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    So while it's extremely improtant to never forget our journey, it’s much more important to focus on who we currently are, and to create a vision of who we wish to become in the future. Because, whether intentionally or not, when we fixate singularly on the past we send a subliminal message to Black youth that we’re less than viable today and that our greatest days are behind us, and that’s a hugely erroneous message.
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    Let us consider President Obama’s accomplishment alone. Barack Obama has accomplished a feat more gloriously impressive than any man in HUMAN history. What he’s accomplished is directly analogous to a conquered African peasant rising to become the emperor of Rome - and he’s done that in OUR TIME! So why do we feel that we must look all the way back to antiquity to find evidence of greatness in our people? What we should be focused on is building on his accomplishment - and a big part of that process, by the way, involves stamping out the voices of those among us who, due to greed, self-service and envy, are trying to marginalize that accomplishment.
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    So, we must take pride in who we are now, and in our own personal journeys. We must begin to realize that in our own journey through life history is also being made. You don't have to be a world conqueror to have an impact on the history of mankind, you simply have to make decisions in your personal life that helps to enhance and move your people forward towards their appointment with destiny. And every time you face life's obstacles with courage and perseverance you meet that challenge. After all, you don't make decisions in a vacuum-- every decision that you make in life becomes a public decision. People are watching, your children are watching, and if you nurture your children properly, they will make the character of your decisions an indelible part of the public record.
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    Thus, the character that you reflect in your daily conduct carries the seed that your children will carry with them for generations. For that reason, I don't regret one moment of my youth that I spent stumblin' through Watts on whatever drug happened to be convenient. Those years were part of a personal journey that stands as a monument to who I am today. Of course, I related those struggles to my children as stumbling blocks to be avoided at all costs, but they were also related as examples of perseverance, and the determination to overcome the obstacles in my life. They were related as examples of turning the adversity in life into the kind of knowledge and strength of character that makes one MORE formidable, rather than less . By overcoming the adversity in my life, it allowed me to relate those experiences with just as much pride as the White culture relates the experiences of General Patton to their children. George fought his battles, and I fought mine, and as far as my children are concerned--as far as I'm concern--one is no less heroic than the other. Thus:

    I NOW STAND FIRM
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    I now stand firm. My conviction of the power of knowledge is the platform upon which my podium rests. I stand firm, strong, and now free. Free of anger. Free of self-delusion. Free of the folly of empty vanity, and free of the pernicious bane of meaningless pride without substance.
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    I stand free to look upon the eyes of other men, reflecting dignity over sorrow, and accomplishment over pain; I stand with a burning passion, fueled by the very flame that forged ancestral shackles,with a deep sense of pride and a pride that flows deep.
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    I now stand erect. The steel that once degraded my father, that chained him in bondage to this bitter Earth, now reinforce my character, making me more, rather than less; and the blood and sweat that once drenched his brow, now rage with resolve and a sense of purpose within my burning breast.
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    I now stand as a new being - neither simply African, nor simply American, but a hybrid forced to transcend the sum of my parts; no longer simply African, since being torn away from the African motherland to suffer and toil in the fields of America, and more than simply American, after being forced to be more than simply American just to survive within the bowels of this prosperous land.
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    Thus, I stand now armed - armed with the wisdom of deprivation, the courage of my conviction, and a deep conviction of my courage; and fortified - with the confidence of a survivor, the empowerment of knowledge, and a ravishing hunger for greatness.
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    I now stand the product of love, struggle, and sacrifice; a witness to man's inhumanity to man, and a monument to the hopes and dreams of a million slaves.
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    I now stand embraced by my creator, as God now smiles upon my people.
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    Yes, I Now Stand Firm.
    Firm, Black, and Free.

    And that, is verifiable.


    Eric L. Wattree


     
    Religious bigotry: It's not that I hate everyone who doesn't look, think, and act like me - it's just that God

    Comments

    Excellent post. We have just passed the 101st birthday off Rosa Parks. When we consider the sacrifices made to take us to the election of Barack Obama and the new Microsoft chairman of the board. We have a great and blessed history.

    Athletes have always been noted in reviews of Black history. This year, we have two Stanford graduates who have made us proud. Jonathan Martin of the Miami Dophins refused to continue to play into the subservient mentality of other Black Dolphin players. Richard Sherman of the Seattle Seahawks excelled academically and on the field. Note the need to label these gentleman either too soft in one case and a thug in the other. The labels will not stick. There are enough people of all ethnicities who note the nonsense.

    The media  tried to create an image of Michelle Obama as the angry Black woman at the Nelson Mandela funeral.  The photographer who took the pictures rapidly dispelled the lie. The stenographers of the MSM face sources that will correct their errors (OT but note the pathetic initial MSM reporting on the CBO report on the impact of Obamacare on jobs).

    There are a multitude websites that are available to receive historical information on a daily basis. There are books published every month that open our eyes to Black history that was dismissed or overlooked in the past. We are living in great times.

    The forces that controlled dissemination of historical information in the past have lost control


    Man, you guys are more self righteous and delusional than ever!!

    72% of black kids are born into poverty and to a single mother.

    2 million black men in prison or involved with the prison/probation/parole system. 

    Black male unemployment 15%

    Black Unemployment 12%

    And most startling, blacks still only comprise 13% of the population.  Oh...and your failed, immature president is Bi-racial. But whatever you gotta tell yourselves. 

    Source - US Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov)

     

    Good luck


    Oh Boy,

    I love people like you, because you make me feel brilliant. Your every brain cell seems to be informed by the popular media and the need to feel superior Do you realize that if White people were portrayed in the same way as Blacks in the media we would think that everybody White was an ignorant Hillbilly? A lot of Black people resent that, but I don't. Personally, I feel like it gives me a leg up, and I take full advantage of people who assume that Black people are dumb ALL the time, and then walk away giggling while they sit there trying to figure out how they came up short. My grandfather taught me as a child to "Never let people know everything you know, because then, they know all you know, plus what they knew, and that'll make them smarter than you." People like yourself make that very error ALL the time. Here's a fact for you to struggle with: There are very few Black people who are not smarter than Rush Limbaugh.

    FACTS THE GOP DOESN'T WANT YOU TO KNOW

    The vast majority of Black people in this country are middle class or above. African Americans are the second largest consumer group in America with a combined buying power of over $892 billion currently and likely over $1.1 trillion by 2012. In 2002 African American owned businesses accounted for 1.2 million of the US's 23 million businesses, and 47% of Africans Americans own their own homes. - U.S. Census Bureau

    And that’s in spite of the following: A study showed that a White felon has an equal chance of being hire as a Black man without a record.

    http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2008/08/09/study-black-man-and-white-felon-sa...

    So let me asked you, Oh Boy,

    If a Black man who has been dragged through the pits of Hell and comes out the other side equal to you, doesn’t that suggest that all of your Black peers are superior to you? Think about it - you’re running a 100 yard dash and you’re being spotted 25 yards and they’re still competitive.

    So you see, there are varied ways of looking at anything.

    This is my family, and I’m a mere hood rat. Just imagine what a superior Black man would make you look like - actually, you don't have to imagine. Just look at the way Obama makes the GOP look. He deals with them like he's dealing with irate children. Watch him sometime. No, just go watch the video of the Bill O' Reilly interview with him before the Super Bowl. Obama's biggest challenge when dealing with Republicans is keeping a straight face - because we certainly wouldn't want America to think he doesn't take them seriously . . . would we?

    http://wattree.blogspot.com/2011/01/fathers-pride.html


    People like Oh Boy feel superior mainly because they possess White skin. The public realizes that there are many sub-par Whites and many superior Blacks. It is easier for Oh Boy to live with stereotypes. Think of conditions if the White standard was Ted Nugent. Nugent is an NRA board member. Amazing. No Black person as stupid and inferior as Nugent could serve on any board.

    I agree Oh Boy does serve to remind of all the really stupid people in the world.


    As usual when I read your post I immediately thought, "What a bunch of bullshit." So I did some research.

    http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0104552.html

    There is no clear definition of what exactly middle class is or what you mean by the "vast majority." But there is a very clear distinction in the distribution of income between blacks and whites. Black median income in 2011 was $32,339. White median income was $55,412. The % of African Americans earning below $14,999 was 25.6%. Whites earning below $14,999 was 10.9%. I have no doubt that "African Americans are the second largest consumer group in America" since they are the second largest group in America. But since they earn far less money than whites their spending is far less than their population would suggest in a less racist society.

    https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/census/historic/ownershipbyrace....

    Yes 47% of African Americans own their own homes. That really doesn't tell us anything unless compared with other groups.

    In Census 2000, homeownership among White householders was 71 percent, higher than the national rate of 66 percent.  In contrast, householders who were Black (46 percent) and those who were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (45 percent) had homeownership rates less than the national rate Hispanic householders (of any race) also had a 46 percent homeownership rate, compared with 72 percent for non-Hispanic White.

    "In 2002 African American owned businesses accounted for 1.2 million of the US's 23 million businesses" About 5% of US businesses are owned by African Americans. About 12.3% of the population is black. African Americans own businesses at less than half the rate of their population.

    "If a Black man who has been dragged through the pits of Hell and comes out the other side equal to you"  Flawed information leads to flawed conclusions. The effects of current discrimination and the lingering effect of past racism leave African Americans starting behind white Americans as you pointed out. But they don't come out of the other side equal. They come out far behind as any rational person would suspect.

    You'd have a much greater effect combating these inequalities by facing this reality than by posting this pollyanna garbage.

     

     


    Ocean-Kat, you said:

    "If a Black man who has been dragged through the pits of Hell and comes out the other side equal to you" Flawed information leads to flawed conclusions. The effects of current discrimination and the lingering effect of past racism leave African Americans starting behind white Americans as you pointed out. But they don't come out of the other side equal. They come out far behind as any rational person would suspect."

    Ocean-Kat, I think I’m equal to you - at the very least - and one of my first memories in life was of the police coming to my house in the middle of the night, shooting my dog, and dragging my father off to the penitentiary. Thereafter, I went through various juvenile institutions from the time I was 12 years old until I was 19. I was a high school dropout and was shooting heroin at 16, and I finally go arrested as an adult for possession of heroin for sale at 19.

    Yet, by 21years old I was married, by 23 years I had a daughter and a son, by 26 years old I had a degree in psychology, and by 32 years old I was an independent paralegal who could write my own (and with the distinction of winning an appeal in an administrative discrimination case that was signed off on by Clarence Thomas). And today, as I look back, my late wife, Val, managed to raise a daughter, Kai, who’s the Regional Vice President of a College and University employee’s union, a son, Eric Jr., who’s a Senior Special Agent with the Dept of Justice, and who was "requested by name" to accompany and provide security for the President of the United States and senior administration officials to countries all over the world whenever they left the confines of the United States - and that was BEFORE becoming a federal agent and he was still in the military.

    So I think - no, I KNOW - that in spite of being dragged through the pits of Hell, I’m eery bit your equal, and didn’t come out "far behind as any rational person would suspect," as you suggested. So what do you think accounts for the fact that even though you were spotted 25 yards in a 100 yard dash, I was able to remain competitive? What do you attribute that to? Do you think that if the situation were reversed you’d be able to remain competitive with me? Think about that.

    _________________________________________________________________________

    23 April 2002

    MEMORANDUM FOR OFFICER TRAINING SCHOOL SELECTION COMMITTEE
    FROM: 92 SFS/SFO
    2 E. ARNOLD STREET
    FAIRCHILD AFB, WA 99011

    SUBJECT: Recommendation for Staff Sergeant Eric L. Wattree

    1. I wholeheartedly concur with Staff Sergeant Wattree’s request to attend Officer Training School. He represents the enlisted ranks with the highest standard and will bring that dedication and professionalism to the officer corps.
    2. Eric continues to lead a stellar military career; his enlisted performance reports speak for themselves. His leadership and experience, especially in contingency environments, remains a vital asset to our unit and wing. As one of my primary Phoenix Raven team leaders, he’s propelled to the forefront of all major deployments throughout the world. He’s repeatedly secured aircraft and crews, supporting a wide variety of missions, in the most austere and terrorist-ridden environments where security is severely inadequate. The diversity of these missions never limited SSgt Wattree’s capacity to adapt to each situation. For this reason, Eric was selected as our 2000 Outstanding Phoenix Raven Member of the Year and the 2001 Air Force Reserve Component Airman of the Year for the 92d Security Forces Squadron.

    3. Whether operating under peacetime or contingency operations, Eric easily assumes control and tackles every situation with meticulous tenacity, a quality highly desired in our Air Force officers. Requested by name, Sergeant Wattree, provided security for presidential Banner missions throughout Greece, Peru and Viet Nam. While deployed to Afghanistan, he flew numerous combat missions in our nation’s pursuit to eradicate terrorism through Operation ENDURING FREEDOM. Additionally, he provided round-the-clock force protection for aircraft in other high-threat environments including Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Oman.

    4. Sergeant Wattree motivated his personnel during the worst conditions and raised the level of esprit de corps to integrate personnel from other Air Force specialties into a cohesive team. His leadership, integrity and devotion to our Air Force play an integral part in our future leadership. Eric has what it takes to become a commissioned officer and earns my full support to attend Officer Training School.

    FRANK HELLSTERN, JR., Captain, USAF
    Operations Officer

     


    I have no idea where this inane nonsense about you being equal or superior to me comes from. If you need to claim you're superior to me go ahead. I have absolutely zero interest in discussing that. I thought we were discussing African Americans and whites as groups and how they prosper or don't in a discriminatory society.

    Ocean-Kat, you said:

    "If a Black man who has been dragged through the pits of Hell and comes out the other side equal to you"

    No Wattree I didn't say that, you said that. You posted, "If a Black man who has been dragged through the pits of Hell and comes out the other side equal to you, doesn’t that suggest that all of your Black peers are superior to you? Think about it - you’re running a 100 yard dash and you’re being spotted 25 yards and they’re still competitive."

    Its simply not true. African Americans start out "25 yards" behind and they end up 25 yards behind. If it fact Africans started out 25 yards behind and came "out the other side equal" it certainly would suggest that "all of your Black peers are superior." But they don't. All your examples are false or half truths. African American median income, home ownership, and business ownership are all much lower than White Americans. African Americans may be "dragged through the pits of Hell" but they do not "come out the other side equal." They come out far behind.

    You claim, "The vast majority of Black people in this country are middle class or above." Since there is no objective standard as to what middle class is I can't argue that. But Black median income in 2011 was $32,339. White median income was $55,412. The % of African Americans earning below $14,999 was 25.6%. Whites earning below $14,999 was 10.9%. African Americans start out 25 yards behind and come out the other side 25 yards behind.

    You claim, "In 2002 African American owned businesses accounted for 1.2 million of the US's 23 million businesses" About 5% of US businesses are owned by African Americans. About 12.3% of the population is black. African Americans own businesses at less than half the rate of their population. African Americans start out 25 yards behind and come out the other side 25 yards behind.

    You claim, " 47% of Africans Americans own their own homes." Another half truth. Black home ownership is 47% but white home ownership is 71%. African Americans may be "dragged through the pits of Hell" but they do not "come out the other side equal." They come out far behind in every example you picked to illustrate your point.

    Flawed information leads to flawed conclusions. The effects of current discrimination and the lingering effect of past racism leave African Americans starting behind white Americans as you pointed out. They do not "come out of the other side equal." They come out of the other side behind. You posted, "Think about it - you’re running a 100 yard dash and you’re being spotted 25 yards and they’re still competitive." I did think about it and I did some research. Whites are spotted 25 yards and at the end of the race whites are still 25 yards ahead of African Americans.

    You'd have a much greater effect combating these inequalities by facing this reality than by posting this pollyanna garbage. I don't know who you write your propaganda for but I think the truth would be more effective than your feel good lies.


    Well done, Eric.  Thank you.  When I was a girl going to school in the 40s and 50s there was no black history.  We knew about George Washington Carver and a slight bit about Fredrick Douglass, but I didn't learn about Sojourner Truth or Harriet Tubman until long after I was out of school. 

    GWC was safe, I guess.  He wasn't a radical or a trouble-maker.  We could allow that he, a black man, was an inventor and possibly a brilliant man, but of course he must have been the exception.

    Fredrick Douglass didn't get as much attention, but he was mentioned.  That's something, I guess. Wouldn't want the kids to think the blacks were as smart as the whites. 

    It took the Civil Rights movement to bring attention to the very real fact that we all bleed alike and are entitled to breathe the same air. 

    "Free at last! Free at last!"  could be a white battle cry, too, as we see in the crowd scenes during the movement where whites and blacks link arms and sing "We Shall Overcome". 

    Many of us came to resent our forebears who kept that rich history from us, and if blacks wondered why so many whites stood by their sides during the movement, it's because our eyes were opened by their bravery.  We left behind any thought of those old notions and joined the larger community of mankind. 

    We're all one under the skin.


    I agree, Romona.

    What many people fail to realize is there are many ways to group people, of which, race is only one. People can be grouped according to age, sex, intelligence, class (in both meanings of the word), education, or whether they are right-handed or left-handed. When I was a youngster I used to group people according to whether or not they were musicians - we musicians were the chosen few, and then, there were "those others" - and I’m serious, so I understand the nature of prejudice.

    But when I grew into and adult, I became wiser, and began to group people exclusively upon whether they were good people or bad people. By "bad people" I mean meanspirited. I’m an absolute bigot toward a meanspirited people - people who stalk the internet for no other reason than to start fights, and never contribute anything constructive, regardless to whether they’re Black, White, or Aborigine.

    I taught my kids that while they should never forget the way we were treated in this country, but before the fix their lips to say "Honky" or "cracker" they should ask themselves is the person who they’re referring to the offspring of one of the White people who voluntarily left the love and comfort of their families to go and die in the most brutal war this county has ever fought, to lift the yolk from our necks.

    As a result, I’ve never heard either word slip from either my daughter or son’s mouth - as a matter of fact, they’ve had to correct me a few times. They see people as people, and they assess every individual on their own merit. But of course, I’ve been infected with the old ways, so when I find someone who I think meets the criteria of a cracker, I still can’t resist calling them one.

    But the race issue is going to take care of itself. My grandsons on my son’s side of the family is mixed, and my granddaughter and two grandson’s on my daughter’s side are Black. So if my mixed grandsons marry White women, half my family is going to be Black, and the other side White, and many families all over America is like that. So in another generation or two, to be an American won’t be just a nationality, it’s going to be an ethnicity.Photo: Eric L. Wattree III

I am so proud of my family.
Who said you can't get diamonds
from a lump of coal?

    Eric L. Wattree III: 


    Sorry I missed this before, Eric.  That's some beautiful family there.  Yes, I'll be glad when we're no longer able to tell who is who by looking at them.  It tells us nothing about what's inside.


    Kind of a contradiction - you're looking at a "beautiful" couple who seem warm, friendly, photogenic, outgoing, social, a number of other qualities - she seems more confident, he seems a bit shy....  but contend the outside doesn't say who they are inside.

    We talk about being "color blind" but why would we want that? Colors are good, a nice part of life, not something to ignore or hide.


    Is that what you got from what I wrote?  Hmmm.  Did I say anything about wanting us to be color blind?  I'm all for diversity.  (It runs in my family)

    But there's no denying there are plenty of people out there who still insist on defining others based only on the parts they can see. Many of them get downright ugly about it.  Maybe you have something to say about them?

    (Edited to add:  Yes, it does sound like I'm color-blind.  That's not what I meant.  Should have said I'll be glad when it doesn't matter.)


    Okay.


    Well, Elvis was 'The King', no matter what. White trash, he employed black and white music in a groundbreaking way. Goodman created a more hopping style off the back of jazz in a large part thanks to Fletcher Henderson - kudos to both of them. But then, Chuck Berry probably ripped off a lot of his stuff from his piano player - music's always been about stealing or borrowing, and giving it your own stamp. Choose between Little Richard and Jerry Lee Lewis? Or just take both? Does any of this wipe away the influence of Louis Armstrong or Robert Johnson or Leadbelly or Muddy Waters? But is Mick Jagger's only accomplishment ripping off black people, or was he just another down-and-out musician listening to what's around him and improving it with his own mark? During the time of black transition over this period, whites were going from a bunch of rural hayseeds and crackers to small town & big city folk, at the same time we shifted from classical forms of music to more folk & popular - i.e. we don't have to pit these 2 transitions against each other - they're part of the same movement, which included a slow dance around each other & becoming more embraced. Does anyone own music any more than there's an owner of English? Even dozens of bad imitation bands still advance the medium, carry the flame & energy until someone better shines out.

     

     

     


    Chuck Berry was given the copyright to  "Surfin' USA" because the music mimicked "Sweet Little Sixteen". The pianist's lawsuit against Chuck Berry was dismissed because it was filed 30 years after the songs had been written.


    I first heard about it in 1986 from people who'd been around him for a lot longer. But I guess if an old drunk's lawsuit failed, it must not have happened.

    Taylor Hackford's film is a wickedly funny and moving rock-doc classic, exposing Berry the money-grubbing control freak without devaluing his genius in the process.

    Robert Christgau
    Anyway, nice of Keith Richards to bring Johnnie Johnson out of retirement, just as it was nice of Johnson to give Chuck Berry a job.

    I didn't know Johnson and only know Berry via performances. I only stated the copyright issue. Berry got credit for the songs. I know nothing of Johnson's drinking habits, thus didn't use them in discussing the lawsuit.

    Another "Hail, Hail Rock n' Roll" film reviewer notes that Berry felt cheated by groups like the Rolling Stones. This may have played a large part in Berry's treatment of Richards.

     


    Berry had a huge ego and a lot of quirks. He'd tour without a band and just show up and use a local band to play with him - just to save a buck. It's all pretty well documented - not just a one-off with Keith Richards.


    I don't know Berry and don't go into much details about celebrity lifestyles. Apparently there are venues that still bring in Berry to play. Little Richard was another musician who felt robbed by the music establishment. Experience may have taught Berry to pinch pennies. Artists did decide to participate in the Chuck Berry documentary and even the reviewer you cite acknowledges Berry's talent.

    Fats Domino's "Ain't That A Shame" got covered by Pat Boone.  Domino seems to be more mellow about the issue since his tune stayed at number one for three months.


    Everybody felt robbed by the music industry - Johnny Cash was an icon who helped a ton of people but the industry abandoned him. I never said Berry didn't have talent - I said he probably stole a number of songs from his piano player/original boss, and had a reputation for being a bit of a jerk. Howlin' Wolf might have felt bad about white boys getting rich off his sounds and tunes, but they also made him relevant and popular well into old age.


    Chuck Berry didn't have to care how other artists responded to theft. Berry won a lawsuit against John Lennon for ripping of a Berry track for "Come Together". From a legal standpoint, Berry won song credit after challenging the Beach Boys and John Lennon. The lawsuit by the pianist was dismissed. I only focused on action in the courtroom regarding lawsuits over music credits. 

    From Johnnie Johnson's Wiki page

    In 1998, Johnson told Doug Donnelly of Monroenews.com that "Johnny B. Goode" was a tribute to him. "I played no part in nothing of Johnny B. Goode," Johnson said. "On other songs, Chuck and I worked together, but not that one. We were playing one night, I think it was Chicago, and he played it. Afterward, he told me it was a tribute to me. He did it on his own. I didn't know nothing about it. It was never discussed."
    In November 2000, Johnson sued Berry, alleging he deserved co-composer credits (and royalties) for dozens of songs, including "No Particular Place To Go", "Sweet Little Sixteen", and "Roll Over Beethoven", that credit Berry alone. The case was dismissed in less than a year because too many years had passed since the songs in dispute were written.
    It could be argued that Johnson's statement about "Johnnie B Goode" make his statements about the other songs credible, but it never got to court. The Wiki page also notes that Johnson played with Berry intermittently until 2005. It appears that Berry was to jerk enough for Johnson to completely part ways with Berry. Johnson died in 2005.
     
     
     
     

    Do you think they sound similar? 

     

     

     


    Did you read the part about slowing the beat and the bass riff?


    By then you're halfway to a new song, no? The only similarity I hear is Lennon refers to "here come ol' flattop" at 48 secs, which would mean half of Morrison's blues references would be plagiarism.

    Nope, I don't hear the similarities, whereas "My Sweet Lord" is an obvious ripoff of "She's So Fine".


    It reminds me of one of the secrets to winning at the game of Monopoly.  When normally a “GET OUT JAIL FREE” card is $50.00, but in the event, the card is in the possession of your partner, who needs cash, to build homes and Hotels, it’s worth could be in the thousands when transferred.  

    Is Court awards, Taxable? 


    Actually, the lawsuit against Harrison was purchased as part of buying part of the Beatles portfolio, so it's not like any of the money ever went to the artist that wrote She's So Fine.


    I hear the similarity...but also serious differences...including many of the lyrics.

    The "here come a flattop" line is distinctive enough, though, that it tugs the rest of the picture into focus as a serious "borrowing."

    IOW, it becomes clear that the Lennon song was derived from the Berry song, even though Lennon went to make his song his.


    Regarding Howlin' Wolf, I have not studied his life, but the impression that I get from his Wiki page is that he had financial success prior to be "discovered" by White musicians. He was offering his musicians a good salary and providing health insurance.

    I'm adding his biography "Moanin' at Midnight" to my Kindle device. He sounds fascinating. I think both Chuck Berry and Howlin' Wolf provide examples of Black men gaining success despite hard times.  This gets back to the beautiful history the Wattree post addresses

    If these two gentlemen could be successful in their time, it provides inspiration for today.


    "financial success" back when blues was popular - after 1974, blues was pretty dead, and it would have been much deader by 1964 if it hadn't been mostly white boys stealing & popularizing the roots - once psychedelia hit, it was the uptick in heavy 3-man rock bands that revived blues numbers, and then a lot of that shifted to jazz/fusion or punk. Even someone known like Stevie Ray Vaughan didn't make that much money over a career. By 1972, Electric Light Orchestra's version of "Roll Over Beethoven" was as known as Chuck Berry's - that's just how music moves along. More people know Howlin' Wolf via The Doors than they do listening to Howlin' Wolf himself, despite all the concerts and festivals, just like more people know "Take Me To The River" as Talking Heads, not Al Green. Then again, there were 8 times as many whites as blacks in the US, double that for Europe, so doesn't take a genius to figure out which audience will support a career better.


    Sigh. Howling Wolf was doing well in the 1970s. Do you have data that supports Howlin' Wolf starving rather than remaking financially intact? You seem strangely intent on focusing the discussion around a Black versus White debate rather then just appreciating the history.

    Chuck Berry was not enough of a jerk that Johnnie Johnson did not  perform with him despite the lawsuit. Howlin' Wolf paid his band members well and provided health care. Those facts are fascinating.


    I didn't say he was starving - I said all those white kids drove new business to him as the music industry boomed, probably extending his shelf life and street-cred another decade  (unlike Pat Boone's and other bland white toast rockers of the 50's, but including edgy guys like Jerry Lee Lewis).

    RMRD0000: You seem strangely intent on focusing the discussion around a Black versus White debate rather then just appreciating the history.

    Eric Wattree: "An example of this principle at work on a cultural level can be found in the White culture's touting of Benny Goodman as "The King of Swing", or Elvis Presley as "The King of Rock n Roll." We know that's not true today, but as time passes, and there's no one left to attest to the inaccuracy of such claims, eventually it'll become a "historical fact"-- or factoid (something repeated so often that it is seen as a fact)."

    Please keep straight who starts the white vs. black comparisons around here. I have the attitude as cultural assimilation, becoming nearer in tastes, greater acceptance. Elvis or Jagger success doesn't diminish Chuck Berry or Howlin' Wlolf - it extends the stage for everyone. The best early mixed bands - studio musicians - backed Aretha Franklin & Wilson Pickett and white singers  in both Memphis & Muscle Shoals, such as Booker T & the MGs and the Swampers - great studio musicians creating a sound together, not ripping someone off.

    And frankly you're trying to pick a fight with me - probably the only person of the last 30 years to try to imply Chuck Berry was some kind of nice non-exploitive guy or to try to claim Come Together rips off Berry, just because of... whatever, some need to prove PP wrong.


    Where did I say that Berry was a nice person? I pointed out that Johnnie Johnson continued to work with Chuck Berry. I don't know Berry, I don't follow celebrity entertainment so I don't know how much flack Berry has gotten for attitude. I just focused on his talent.

    I was trying to focus on the history and not the Black versus White issue. I had no idea that the Talking Heads did a cover of "Take Me To The River". The Pat Boone- Fats Domino debate was well known and as I said, Domino seems okay with the cover. the theme I was getting from Wattree was the beauty of Black history not an attack on White people. As with who comes to mind when someone mentions "take Me To The River", we differ.

    From a perspective of Black history, there is a perception that White culture tends to take over some ethnic cultural forms. There was controversy about a White rap group getting a best artist award over Kendrick Lamar at the Grammys this year. I don't know the music of either the group or the rap singer. There is also concern that music forms that are more Black oriented tend not to be shown on the televised awards. I know controversy exists over Black artists being pushed out, but I don't watch the Grammys so I can't really comment except for what I have gathered from headlines.

    Because of past tendencies of Black artists being neglected by the majority community, there are music, literary and motion pictures. I actually find it wonderful because some gems that would be overlooked  other ethnic groups do similar things. Independent film makers and religious music artists also have specialized awards.

    At the time Goodman and Presley were being crowned, there was zero acknowledgement of Black artists. Black audiences may have crowned different people. A more mixed audience may come up with different results. Latinos may have different opinions. Expanding horizons in music does not have to mean homogenization. Appreciation can go to the original form.

    I didn't view Wattree's words as a racial attack. Wattree argues there were better artists than Goodman and Elvis because some artists were excluded from the debate, you argue the Talking Heads are better than someone else because they were more popular and spread the lyrics. You both seem to be acknowledging that minority artists are sometimes ignored.


    At the time Goodman and Presley were being crowned, there was zero acknowledgement of Black artists.

    Browser crash killed my main response, but this comment is simply not true. You can check out this article for some info: http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/LookAround/aaer.htm

    and look up bios of Louis Armstrong & other well-known black musicians. Duke Ellington had his first radio performance in 1923, his own network show in 1929, Fletcher Henderson was playing whites-only clubs in the early 20's with his new trumpet player Louis Armstrong. Louis was in his first film in 1931, and the smash hit "Pennies from Heaven" in 1936 and on the cover of Time in 1949 for his band The Allstars. The first black DJ was in the early 20's and the first black-owned station in 1949. Billboard and Variety had a small section for black acts fairly early on. Bennie Goodman - aside from using Fletcher Henderson's arrangements as a key to his success - started hiring black musicians in 1935 - Lionel Hampton for example in 1936. Alan Freed started playing black artists on the radio in 1951. Buddy Holly was performing with Little Richard and Chuck Berry by about 1956 and played the Apollo in 1957.


    There were SMALL sections dedicated to Black musicians in Billboard and Variety. How many Blacks formed the pool that crowned Goodman "The King of Swing"?

    Alan Freed profited from playing Black music. He was initially credited as a co- writer on "Maybelline". Freed's name was later removed after a payola scandal.

     

     


    They are fascinating facts, as is the history.

    I think PP IS appreciating the history--the way artists "steal" and take from each other and remake material as their own.

    I think PP is reacting to what feels like Eric's dismissal of the contribution of white musicians and labeling as nothing more than white folks who ripped off black folks and got rich from their thievery.

    In one sense, of course, this is true, but it is untrue to say that white musicians simply ripped off black musicians and contributed nothing of their own to the blend that has become "American music."

    Just looking at the origins of jazz, it's true to stay that it's the creation of the African American community and much else has come from that root, as Eric points out. However, early jazz also took a lot from "white" music--principally marches. Blacks took these materials and made them their own.

    In short, it's a blend. I think that's PP's point at bottom. I would say, though, that, even though the music has traveled far from its origins and many people have taken it in all kinds of directions, the deepest ROOT is in the African American experience. That's its distinctive flavor.


    http://www.beatlesbible.com/people/john-lennon/songs/you-cant-catch-me/

    Written and recorded by Chuck Berry in 1956, You Can't Catch Me inspired part of The Beatles' song Come Together. The similarity between the two led to a court case, which resulted in John Lennon recording Berry's song for his 1975 album Rock 'N' Roll.

    Come Together is me, writing obscurely around an old Chuck Berry thing. I left the line in, 'Here comes old flat-top'. It is nothing like the Chuck Berry song, but they took me to court because I admitted the influence once years ago. I could have changed it to 'Here comes old iron face,' but the song remains independent of Chuck Berry or anybody else on Earth.

    -John Lennon, 1980
         All We Are Saying, David Sheff

    Lennon gave Levy a rough tape of the work in progress, which was subsequently released as Roots: John Lennon Sings The Great Rock & Roll Hits. This mail-order LP, which included You Can't Catch Me and 14 other tracks, was quickly withdrawn when Lennon and Capitol Records threatened to sue.Lennon was sued by music publisher Morris Levy, whose Big Seven Music Corporation owned the rights to You Can't Catch Me. Levy argued that Come Together, which contained the line "Here come old flat top", plagiarised Berry's song.

    Keen to avoid a court case, Lennon agreed to record at least three songs owned by Levy on his next release. Between October and December 1973 he recorded a number of rock 'n' roll oldies with Phil Spector, but the project was shelved when Lennon and Spector's working relationship proved untenable. They had, however, recorded two Levy-owned songs:Angel Baby and You Can't Catch Me.

    The case against Lennon was eventually concluded in July 1976, when Levy's Big Seven Music Corporation was awarded $6,795 for breach of an oral agreement. Lennon's countersuit, regarding the unauthorised release of Roots, resulted in him, Capitol Records and EMI Records receiving $109,700 to compensate for lost income; Lennon was awarded an additional $35,000 in punitive damages.


    You avoid the fact that Lennon settled out of court over "Come Together". Your snippet refers to other songs.


    I don't avoid anything. It was initially settled out of court, and then the greedy fucker tried to publish Lennon's demos and Lennon got another $130K as a result.


    As I read it Berry encouraged Levy to sue Lennon over "Come Together". Levy's action on the three songs appears to be a matter between two other individuals, not Berry.


    I doubt Berry was even involved - Lennon played on stage with Chuck Berry afterwards.. I think it was just Levy trying to grab cash on a song in his publishing portfolio. There is some doubt re: the 3 songs in the sense that Lennon actually did some recording at Levy's farm as part of trying to release & distribute even a full album through Levy, but likely Lennon being a strung out addict at the time focused on the playing and chance for a new outlet, not enough on the actual business terms. (Levy lost the lawsuit especially because no actual compensation was ever discussed).

     


    Do you have data to support your opinion?


    Thanks, have had enough now - good night.


    Thought so

    Just opinion.


    Piss off - I answered enough of your annoying questions - all you want to do is pick nits, couldn't even fucking read the interesting article I pointed to. You don't know fuck all about Chuck Berry or whoever, but you have to dive in with lots of your own opinion anyway.


    Note to moderators - I did try to depart this gracefully without getting into insults, but the turd has to play his "if you won't answer my incessant sidetracking questions, I must be right" game.


    Here is the best advice you will ever receive. 

    There is only 1 rule to the game of life; and that is remembering every day that 'Tomorrow is never promised'! If you are capable of figuring this out, then proceed to the below.

    Start teaching all blacks but especially young folks, that education and working is GOOD. 

    Start teaching all blacks but especially young folks, that white folks and rich people do not owe you anything. 

    Start teaching all blacks but especially young folks, that there are no victims, only choices.

    Start teaching all blacks but especially young folks, that the knockout game is racist. 

    Start teaching all blacks but especially young folks, that obama and the government will not take care of you.  No matter what they promise.  You have to be able to meet your basic needs ...PERIOD!!

    Start teaching all blacks but especially young folks, that YOU are your first best friend.  When YOU, as a strong black man/woman show up to your job and put fourth your best effort, you will succeed. And therefore, be able to provide for yourself without help from anyone.  Then maybe, you will be able to help someone else. 

    Good luck - from an old black boy, who made it on his own steam.


    I think Trayvon Martin and Jordan Davis were victims. Their parents are fighting back non-violently

    I think Black voters who are having their votes suppressed are victims. Blacks with a multiracial coalition are fighting back

    Given your advice about the benefits of teaching, I suspect you gained gained knowledge and skills by exposure to them. In that sense you are not completely self-made. Poor parents, teachers and role models could have produced a different result 

     


    OH Boy,

    There’s a lot of stereotypical thinking in you comment, and it clearly demonstrates what you think of your own people, if indeed you are Black. You’ve also made yourself look ridiculously predictable. The piece below was written by a Black Republican activist.

    How to be a Successful Black Republican/Conservative

     

    The following list represents a tried-and-true formula for gaining instant fame and prominence as a black conservative/Republican.

    #1. Spend inordinate amounts of media time talking about how much you loathe being called an "African-American" -since hyphenations of any kind are "un-American."

    #2. Tell your audiences how sick you are of liberals playing the race card, but make sure your website, book name, documentary title, and T-shirt line CLEARLY identify you as a BLACK conservative/Republican.

    #3. Constantly talk about how Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson are race baiters. Obsessively mention Tawana Brawley and the Duke lacrosse scandal, but don’t ever mention Amadou Diallo (the unarmed African immigrant who was shot at 41 times in front of his home while pulling out his wallet to show the NYPD his identification) and Abner Louima (The Haitian immigrant sodomized by an NYPD officer with a bathroom plunger).

    #4. Complain about how much you’re rejected and victimized by the black left and how sad you are that you’re always being excluded and called a "sellout."

    #5. Remind the conservative base, ad nauseum, how much black people love government handouts and welfare. Don’t mention anything about the fact that the black statistical representation of welfare recipients is virtually equal to that of whites. Also, don’t EVER tell them that the majority of blacks really aren’t poor, aren’t criminals, don’t hate white people, and don’t wait for marching orders from Sharpton and Jackson, et al. Mentioning any of the above could result in fewer book sales, less airtime, or a drastic reduction in donations.

    (Note: Never, ever proffer the following questions: ‘Why do blacks who aren’t receiving any government handouts continue to reject the right?’ ‘Why do Asians, Jews, Hispanics and almost every other minority group vote overwhelmingly Democrat?’)

    #6. Talk about how Martin Luther King’s dream was a post-racial society, but don’t ever post the clip of him proclaiming, "I’m black and I’m proud!" on any of your social media outlets.

    #7. Make fun of Africa and be sure to thank God for slavery.

    #8. Publicly denigrate movements like the NAACP, and the Congressional Black Caucus because they’re "racial separatists"-but don’t say anything about conservative organizations designed specifically for Blacks.

    #9. When discussing George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin, ignore everything that transpired up until the point Zimmerman was getting beat up.

    #10. Defend Paula (Obama Supporter) Deen, but make fun of Rachel Jeantel every opportunity you get!

    #11. Talk about race when it comes to abortion and welfare dependence, but don’t address race under any other circumstances. Sentencing disparities? Police brutality? Racial profiling? Red lining? Glass ceilings? What the heck are those?

    #12. Do not discuss substantive issues like recidivism, inmate re-entry, community policing, or high school dropout rates. Instead, blame Obama for all that is wrong with the universe. (This one works like a charm!)

    #13. Talk about black-on-black crime, black-on-white crime, but don’t ever discuss white-on-white crime, and especially not white-on-black crime!

    #14. Whenever someone asks you about the racist undercurrent on the right, blame liberals. Under no circumstances are you allowed to address racism on the right. Remember: Racism doesn’t exist anymore.

    #15. Finally, make certain to constantly go on right-wing media outlets and talk about how black people need to do this and that, but DON’T YOU DARE roll up your sleeves and go into those communities with the sole objective to listen and serve.

    About the Author: Vanessa Jean-Louis is a proud member of the solution-oriented Black Republican and Conservative movement. Satire helps her keep her blood pressure down. She yearns to break the monopoly liberals have over minority voters, but realizes conservatives have their part to play as well (you know, the whole personal responsibility thing). She fights for endemic change on the right-not a change in principles, but a change in TONE. Vanessa’s made appearances on FOX, HOT97, BET, PJTV, Breitbart Radio, and Black Enterprise TV. She has contributed to online publications including, "HipHop Republican," and "theGrio." Follow her on Twitter: "Marcus Garvey Girl" @AFRconservative.


    Pretty good list.


    Great post, Eric. Big chunks of it are sublime and touched my heart.

    It made me think in new ways, especially when you discuss the relative youth of African-American culture and thus the need to emphasize the future.

    At the beginning, I thought of the Black Athena controversy of some years and how disappointed I was (for some reason) when the thesis was largely debunked. I still have the book somewhere.

    All that said, I do think your post is marred in places by false and clichéd and thinking--and even by buffoonery. Maybe the latter was intentional minstrelsy...or something...I don't know.

    To get to that first, I'm referring to this sentence, among a few others:

    Barack Obama has accomplished a feat more gloriously impressive than any man in HUMAN history.

    The kindest thing I can say about this is...you're wrong. I'm a strong supporter of the president, and I don't think even he would agree with this even in his most private moments when no one was listening except he, him, and his.

    He talked many times on the campaign trail about the "improbability" of what he had accomplished. But saying that is CANYONS away from what you're saying above. Despite your desire for a balanced approach to black history, you've turned Obama into a cartoon figure with this one, outlandish sentence.

    Then there's your personal definition of history:

    "The often exaggerated, and invariably sanitized account of ordinary men committing unconscionable atrocities in the name of God."

    This is silly and simplistic. If this is really what you think history is then, with respect, you know nothing about history. It captures a tiny piece of the way history has been used by those in power, but as a description of history, it's a sad cliché.

    Since ancient times, it is true, the victors have written the stories and many historians have been nothing more than hagiographers. But even so, there have always been exceptions. Columbus, for example, who has inspired more worshipful biographies than most historical figures, had at least one contemporary critic who charged him with cruel and immoral acts against the indigenous peoples of the West Indies.

    For many long decades, history has been nothing like your personal definition of history. Good grief. There is plenty of excellent, deeply researched, and objective-- to the degree any human being can be--history on all kinds of subjects. Including black history. And where historians fail as they all do, they are followed by legions of other historians who relish ripping them to shreds and correcting their errors.

    Sorry to spill so much ink on the negative, outweighed in quantity as it is by the positive. It's just that I found these negatives so jarring that they threatened to pull the whole post out of focus.