MURDER, POLITICS, AND THE END OF THE JAZZ AGE
by Michael Wolraich
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MURDER, POLITICS, AND THE END OF THE JAZZ AGE by Michael Wolraich Order today at Barnes & Noble / Amazon / Books-A-Million / Bookshop |
Once they have the airport in working order, it will be 1000x easier to provision the allied troops. Say bye-bye, you ISIS bastards.
Oh, and yes, Trump will take credit for it, though it was Putin's moderation that did it, while Obama & Hillary will always be warmongers - I know the rules.
Comments
So you know the rules? Did you learn them from I.F. Stone?
by A Guy Called LULU on Thu, 02/23/2017 - 1:12pm
Exactly - Russia never wiped out 10's of millions of its own people, split Poland down the middle with Hitler or imprisoned East Europe for 40 years. For such a seemingly smart guy, Greenwald sure likes playing the dumb motherfucker. Think he gets paid well to do this, or he's really that stupid?
by PeraclesPlease on Thu, 02/23/2017 - 4:51pm
To add: I'm not pleased with the 500 once held at Gitmo and the 40+ still held, nor some of the dark sites for extraordinary renditions and torture, but it takes some real intentional blindness to compare this with the mass numbers in Russian Siberian gulags known since the time of the Czars as a huge chain if abusive work-death factories for dissidents, POWs, or the merely indigent and insane.
I thought Russian apologetics would largely die out after the atrocities of the Stalin years were exposed, but in each generation they arise again. Even where I live, they clutch pearls in horror at associating with "Neo-Nazis" (typically wannabes with little intelligence or imagination and fortuantely mostly ineffective), yet haveno major qualms about an alliance with the communists who did as much harm as the Nazis, albeit in some places with a more twmpered, less frenzied pace than in some places like Cambodia and China and 1920'2/30's Russia. I guess in theend Hoxha of Albania wasn't that bad, since he didn't slaughter his citizens with the utter abandon of Mao and Pol Pot and Stalin. Great commendation, no? The Russians also built that Trumpian wall in Berlin - great fun - let's play "outrun the bullets" for 27 years. But to some, Americans are just paranoid about Russian intents, assigning all sorts of horrors to them that don't actually exist.
by PeraclesPlease on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 3:34am
So Greenwald is a dumb motherfucker for channeling Stone. Is that because he gets the analogy wrong or was Stone a a dumb mother fucker too for thinking, or more significantly for saying, that McCarthyism was wrong, or maybe even that it even existed as misguided societal force? McCarthyism was a product of the politics of its day and was abetted by the media and it infected lots of Americans. Even if there is a defect infecting the entire Russian gene pool which makes every single Russian ever before and ever to come a scourge to the entire planet, McCarthyism was an American problem, in America, manifested by Americans. If McCarthyism is fire, then fighting fire with fire is certainly not the way to to prevent its spread. I suggest a fifteen minute holiday from Russia phobia. We could spend the time totally unproductively hating on Angela Hitler, I mean Merkle, and every other German ever. I could get into that. True story, those dirty bastards murdered a relative of mine who was just flying over Berlin in B-25. He hadn’t even dropped any bombs yet, or so the story goes.
by A Guy Called LULU on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 7:59am
<Pedantic alert>
I.F. Stone "If Communists are some supernatural breed of men, led by diabolic master minds in that distant Kremlin, engaged in a Satanic conspiracy to take over the world and enslave all mankind - and this is the thesis endliessly propounded by American liberals and conservaties alike...."
Well fuck me running - I don't know if I believe in Satan, but yes, Stalin killed say 30 million over 3 decades in power, and his power split with Hitler in Poland and his takeover of almost all East Europe counts as "enslave mankind", even if not "all".
What the fuck do you want me to say? This was August 1954, 14 years after Darkness at Noon, 5 years after the Communist takeover of China (though 4 years before the disastrous Great Leap Forward) and after the diabolical Korean War with Chinese & Russian invasion that we barely pulled a draw out of.
Yes, I.F. Stone was an asshole and a holocaust denier, even if not the exact holocaust people usually mean.
You don't have to admire McCarthy to not take a pollyannish view towards Stalin & Russian Communism among several shitty variants.
But Glenn Greenwald is living in 2017, not 1954, so presumably he can use 60+ years of history to draw more than a daft brainfart at the ensuing time and appreciation of how nasty a piece of work the Communists were.
All the "Glennzilla" can muster is that Putinesque Russians aren't really Communists, which, bravo bravo, they're really nasty authoritarian quasi-Czars/crony capitalist bullies with large armies and weapons, spies and subterfuge. The KGB is still at work, but not as much surveillance and human rights violations and torture as the 1984-ish Soviet state entailed, but certainly enough atrocity at least in the Chechnyan phase to express horror. Now it's more a heavy-handed petrol bully with significantly more overreach and resort to law & order than the US, but at least not so far a direct threat to mankind everywhere, as was the case in I.F. Stone's time and long after.
The difference with Germany is that they've largely stopped acting like assholes, including the official government, and have even apologized and paid $billions and $billions in reparations, among other acts of penance. Russia, not at all. They're still hanging onto Kaliningrad/Konigsberg and the Kyril Islands, among their other residiual displays of wanton imperialism.
<pedantic alert over>
<oops, more pedanticism>
I.F. Stone writes re: @the impossibility of dealing with the Russians, the wickedness of recognizing the Chinese, the danger in permitting East-West trade..., the wickedness of those who speak of co-existence. " "If these are the assumptions of our national policy, how avoid the Syngman Rhee logic which flows from them? Is it not better to fight now? Will not the struggle be worse the longer it is delayed?"
Arguably we learned all that, and containment was likely much better than a full-out war with both major Communist states, which we might quite possibly have lost in a direct confrontation combining large armies, nuclear & chemical weapons, guerrilla warfare and economic disruption. As it is, after a near rout, we pulled out the status quo in Korea, had a brief flirtation with mutual self-destruction over Cuba, fought the holding-pattern proxy war in Vietnam for a decade and got them finally stuck in Afghanistan, even as East Europe largely withered on the vine. China being less intent on exporting revolution after a while proved more amenable to normalcy via trade. Again, this is basic history - I.F. Stone may not have been able to predict the future, but certainly Greenwald should be able to predict the past.
Yes, Kruschev was better than Stalin, Brezhnev perhaps worse but dragged the empire down, Gorbachev was a refreshing sea-change, Yeltsin was a buffoon that largely didn't help the country adapt to new democracy, and Putin's a throwback combination of economic oligarchy, Tsardom and state police. We've tried to do trade with Russia - overall easier to deal with China. Russia of today is overall nothing compared to yesterday, and thus containing their over-the-top behavior and worst excesses has been successful. Few pretend that it's utterly horrid, but there's enough deplorable behavior to keep up the pressure. Co-existence is more or less what we *do* have today, but the continual returns to past behavior, such as destruction of Chechnya and the unilateral annexation of Crimea, along with targeted assassinations and economic blackmail over former vassal states, make it still not ideal for normalized relations.
<extra dollop of pedanticism over>
by PeraclesPlease on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 10:49am
I admire your willingness to do the pedantic on this issue. I find the constant revival of apologia for past communist states, which you note so well in your earlier comments, to be quite tiresome and irritating. I react like this now: oh geez, did you skip all history courses or what? if so, have you never seen at least a movie like "The Killing Fields"? Here's the effect it has on me now: life is too short to bother with what ignorant people have to say. At the same time I feel guilty about not challenging, so I appreciate people like you who do so. While I don't like the game of Victim Olympics, I've got to say that there should be a "never forget" movement for the victims of the communist states of the 20th century, simply because the number of victims are unrivaled in human history.
by artappraiser on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 1:59pm
Artappraiser, you recently bragged about being an accomplished critical reader. It seems you should have noticed that Greenwald's article did not do any appologising for Russia whether he has done so in the past or not. And in comments neither did I.That is not what it is about. It is about McCarthyism as an American problem that he sees rearing its ugly head again. In America. By Americans. Russia is involved in the article and in the McCarthyism only to the extent that it is the subject of the McCarthyite attacks just like before. The attacks of McCarthyism are by Americans against Americans. Like before.
Google “Trump Sen. McCarthy" and you'll see on the first page the NYT, Vanity Fair, and other respected sites showing headlines suggesting that Trump is using McCarthy's tactics. [All dated before the election] They thought there was McCarthyism in the air. It was at least considered to be a fair point to question about the Donald. Both parties were guilty in the original McCarthy era, why does it give you and PP shivers to suggest maybe both are guilty this time around. Or do you just reject the whole idea like politicians and pundits etc aren't like that anymore? McCarthyism is considered a stain on that ism’s era by most everyone who is less batshit crazy than Ann Coulter and those who stood up to it are today honored by most for doing so. Not so much at the time.
You mentioned the Victim Olympics. Great term but you and PP always include body counts in why you despise Russians so much and why their evil is on a special plane. Following is one study"s answer to the numbers game question about American responsibility.
To cover debate about responsibility, take five or ten million off. Add I don't know how many tens of thousands since 2007. Or ignore and forget those numbers, what the hell.
I guess seeing Killing Fields made an impression on you. Maybe taught you something. Me too.
by A Guy Called LULU on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 6:46pm
1) When Greenwald puts down concern about Russia to just more 70-year-old McCarthyist paranoia, ignoring the many Russian atrocities and current intrigues that might say cause concern, yeah, he's apologizing for them.
2) Huh? the US is "directly responsible" for Chinese deaths in the Korean War? Well good for us - the whole fucking idea was to kill Chinese soldiers illegally invading South Korea after China & USSR encouraged North Korea to invade, and there were *0* Chinese civilians there. That's a 9/11? Nope, that's a score.
Afghanistan? The Russians pulled an armed coup, killing Amin, the leader of Afghanistan.
Cambodia? I've mentioned before that North Vietnam and China supplied Pol Pot to terrorize the countryside and attack the Cambodian government - first attacking Sihanouk and later Lon Nol, while the North Vietnamese invaded Cambodia in 1970.
Anyway, Lucas apparently never met a death that couldn't be blamed on the US.
by PeraclesPlease on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 7:37pm
I was about to post the same. While the US can be implicated in the deaths in the second Iraq war it wasn't the US or South Korea that invaded North Korea and started the civil war. Does Lucus or lulu think we should have abandoned South Korea to North Korea and the Russians and Chinese that supported them? For some on the fringe left the US is to blame for all the wars we were involved in.
by ocean-kat on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 9:17pm
To cover debate about responsibility, take five or ten million off. But I already said that in the comment you are referring to.
by A Guy Called LULU on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 9:54pm
Totally lazy, dude. Point to a steaming piece of shit article with a dozen or more scandalous allegations, continually selectively blind biased framing on every conflict or foreign intrigue where people died over the last 70 years, but then toss in a "but let's not quibble aboutthenumbers" disclaimer. #uberlame
by PeraclesPlease on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 1:55am
On Greenwald: After giving him a chance for years, I think he's a waste of time to read.Many op-ed writers and bloggers are a waste of time. The only ones that I find worthwhile have some connections to power where one can read tea leaves in what they say because they have those connections to power. I don't look to those to speak for me, I don't care what their actual opinion is. End of story.
On your Countercurrents link: I think that what is said in it is like your Bible and it's really a major passion of yours to prove this and to get the U.S. to be more isolationist. And that you cherry pick everything you read and all the sources you go to in order to find verification for this passion. You are way transparent about it. Others like NCD and Peracles ridicule your ideologically selected sources and you just keep on posting them here anyways.
I don't read like that with an agenda in mind. I just want to figure out what is going on.
I used to think and hope that the U.S. could be another Sweden when I was in high school. I grew up. I don't look down on you for dreaming about changing the U.S. and the world. I just don't find reading and arguing about dreams over and over a very useful use of time. If i want that, I go to the arts, good fictional literature, music, art.
by artappraiser on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 9:25am
P.S. Comes to mind: Trump is with ya, he just might disagree about what to do about it:
http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/04/politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin/
by artappraiser on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 11:04am
I don’t feel any obligation or inclination to defend Greenwald’s, or any other person’s, “body of work” against any and all charges when I post something they say that I believe makes sense. Nobody, including exalted historical figures have created any published work of value who haven't also put out some some ideas that don't stand up under crutiny. Taking your own words at face value, you say you read him for years before deciding that he is not worth reading at all. Sounds at least a bit disingenuous to me.
What you call my “Bible”, PP calls a stinking piece of shit. I take the one method of ridicule about the same as the other, merely a way to object and deride [and say shut up] without substantiating in a reasonable way .. anything. Where I introduced that link to present a tally of the numbers I did, without going into great detail, acknowledge that determining “responsibility” for wartime deaths is open to debate and so one person’s count would be different than another’s. Even introducing that subject though, in a dialog where it has become appropriate because PP has brought up body counts to make a counter-argument, much less taking an affirmative position that the U.S. IS responsible itself or a hell of a lot of death has, here, only been met with dismissive ridicule.
Here is an example of how I would assign responsibility even though another country is the main actor. Yemen has a vicious civil war going on. Saudi Arabia is killing many there, destroying the country’s infrastructure, and is responsible directly for the extreme food shortages there which are, beyond dispute, already killing many and look likely to kill many, many, more. Quite possibly tens of thousands more, and soon, according to human rights organizations. Children and then women die first as is usual in such situations. Iraq is an example where approximately 500,000 children died and that number cuts off at the age of five. Maybe it was worth it to someone besides Albright and it wasn't totally our fault, I understand a little about the world, but it was a horrible outcome and should not be forgotten. Saudi Arabia is conducting their war on Yemen with U.S. supplied aircraft dropping U.S. supplied bombs from those aircraft that are taking targets from U.S. supplied intelligence and reaching their targets with the necessary aid of U.S. refueling aircraft. If those deaths are put on a list of ones that our country is responsible for then someone like PP for instance will call that list a steaming pile of shit if dismissing the list as total BS, which it is certainly not totally, fits his hollow argument of the moment.
As a side point to the responsibility question, I could agree in principle with the concept of R2P if I didn’t see its application as demonstrative of a diabolically insane, right-in-front-of-our-eyes demonstration, of murderous hypocrisy in the way it has been used as an excuse for war as an international political tool. Refer to the above.
I will point out once again that the root article to this entire back and forth is about McCarthy-ism coming back into play in our country. I showed where publications as connected to power and as respected by you as the NYT have run articles making that same point. While saying that life is too short for bla bla bla you have spent a lot of time constructing bla bla bla ridiculing my thinking in general as that of a childish dreamer and the work of the author of the root story as not worth paying any attention to, but not once in any way addressing the subject of the article. PP has done no better.
by A Guy Called LULU on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 2:04pm
P.S. Regarding your statement that included: "... it's really a major passion of yours to prove this and to get the U.S. to be more isolationist." My position is not that we should be more "isolationist" but rather that we should be way, way, less "interventionist". That is significantly different.
by A Guy Called LULU on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 3:31pm
These shouting matches at the extreme seem to provide diversions for both the R2P interventionist and anti-imperialists sides. The fanatical wing PP seems to represent appear to be selling the idea that Putin's evil and treacherous ways are an excuse for and provide a justification for the US to match that evil with our own version. This is especially attractive to them for it allows them to try to sooth the butt-hurt of loss they suffered by trying to undermine Trump. This disease has spread far beyond McCarthyism to a sizeable segment of the population attempting to possibly destroy what remains of our republic.
Greenwald's posts on this subject are clever and use the extreme rhetoric of the interventionists to ignore the known more mundane poblems with Putin's Russia. He then smoothly slides into accepting the use of similar and related reactionary methods used to attack Putin and would celebrate their use if they could remove Trump. This is some kind of relativism that is dangerous but Glen has shown many times he is a closet Clintonite.
Your examination of the conflict in Yemen seems to leave out the party that started and continues the war. They are modeled on Hezbollah and fly the Iranian battle flag, Ansar Allah is a minority of a minority that had valid grievances but though they could conquer the whole country and rule over the majority. What you write about the US/Saudi involvement may be true but the Saudis can't allow a hostile regime to rule in Yemen. The fact that civilians are targeted in these urban conflicts is true whether it's the Iraqis in Iraq the Assad/Russian forces in Syria or the US in both, that's how these conflicts are fought.
by Peter (not verified) on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 3:39pm
Peter, nonsense. I don't overhype Putin nor compare him in any way to Stalin, simply acknowledge historical Soviet and Tsarist facts and post-Soviet reality, trends and possibilities.
In case it hasn't been obvious, I much prefer containment as a strategy and delaying tactic for half of these problems, but sometimes sitting it out invites a Rwanda or ISIS that can't be or shouldn't be allowed to just wreak havoc and genocide.
by PeraclesPlease on Sun, 02/26/2017 - 4:08am
Perhaps calling the article a stinking pile of shit was over the top but it wasn't a very good article. We have directly confronted the main point of the article, " This study reveals that U.S. military forces were directly responsible for about 10 to 15 million deaths during the Korean and Vietnam Wars and the two Iraq Wars." I admitted that the US could be blamed for the deaths in the second Iraq war and pointed out the most obvious error in the article, the Korean War. I suppose I could have included a link to wikipedia but the error was so glaring I didn't think I needed to. "Directly responsible is a pretty strong indictment. I think in most cases there is at least shared responsibility and in some, like the Korean war, we were forced into it by the invasion from North Korea with the support of Russia and China. I don't think you've addressed that point "in a reasonable way" and PP pointed that out.
by ocean-kat on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 3:53pm
Re: Perhaps calling the article a stinking pile of shit was over the top
Yes, but I do think calling it "agitprop" would be quite accurate. And very late 60's style at that, maybe SDS or Weathermen.
by artappraiser on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 6:47pm
Okay, withdraw the pejorative, and just say the article was hugely questionable and doubtfully argued on all fronts. That there might be a couple valid points in a lengthy imbalanced portrayal is not a basis for discuasion. Nevertheless, I gave a couple points to highlight the absurdity, and that was met with "ok, but there's more". Yes, I can easily object to 10 or more points, perhaps partially or fully agree with 2, 3, who knows.
I stop. If you care about my response, tell me when you have a link you're 95% in agreement with, and don't expect I'll be exhaustive when I point out huge monstrous flaws. I've give up any hope that what you think will be convincing will be convincing to me - hopefully will at least have food for thought.
by PeraclesPlease on Sun, 02/26/2017 - 4:02am
for a future lecture, from Sept. @ The Guardian:
Edward Snowden attacks Russia over human rights and hacking; NSA whistleblower says Moscow’s online monitoring of citizens is unnecessary, costly and corrosive of rights
by artappraiser on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 3:42pm
True story - I took my wife to see Terry Gilliam's Brazil, thinking she'd enjoy a Pythonesque comedy. Halfway through I look over and she's in full tears. "That's how it was" she says, "that's how life under the Communists was". I hadn't thoughthow many memories it'd bring up. Maybe Glenn Greenwald should get out of his Copacabana resort and see the Brazil that people under Communists had to deal with, the grey factories and empty shelves and abusive police and lies and obstructions and repression at every step of the day. Too smug by far.
by PeraclesPlease on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 3:41am
This is a powerful story, gets at the essence of death of the soul inherent. What is life without sunlight and color?
by artappraiser on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 2:03pm
Another true story - I'd spent 9 months straight in a recently Communist country, and then crossed the border and saw this bright yellow phone booth. I'm not a terribly visually-oriented person, but something in me clicked to realize I hadn't seen vivid colors in 9 months, that I'd *deprived myself of real color* for 9 months, and started crying, I couldn't help it, just welled up inside me. The others, well, they didn't have a choice - I did.
by PeraclesPlease on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 2:13pm
Prisons are mostly painted grey and if they have any windows, they are tiny.
I just got back from a few days in Florida to still brown and grey filthy NYC, so this is on my mind,
Not only that but the bureaucrats running temp. long term parking at LaGuardia airport (which truly does look like an atom bomb hit it as it is rebuilt) were at their "best", harassing and superior to all and sundry while exhibiting their incompetence. They have power and they let you know. There is hope in this: while New Yorkers shrug and sigh, many other Americans get angry and fight back when that happens, they just won't accept it.
by artappraiser on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 2:32pm
Curious, why *do* we go out of our way to make prisons more miserable? The deprivation of freedom is typically enough to make people feel punished as it is. But pulling all color from their lives makes it easier for them to feel bitter and mean, harder to rehabilitate. Many people commit crimes from feelings of hopelessness and alienation already - what will alienation squared prove?
by PeraclesPlease on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 2:44pm
I think you are correct on the effect. (How could anyone who has caught some of the prison shows that MSNBC shows on off time as nauseum come away thinking different?) Don't know how accurate it is scientifically, but I remember reading years ago about experiments in painting male prisons pink, because it was supposed to both emasculate and calm.
An interesting point along those lines is why they encourage body building workouts. I mean, really, that fuels all kinds of male hormonal issues. Which brings us back to the great Soviet Union being famous for encouraging the same, even with females....
by artappraiser on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 2:59pm
Amen.
You know, I have followed Al Qaeda and its various progeny pretty obsessively since before the first World Trade Center bombing, when the Tailiban took over Afghanistan and started with their putting women in hell and destroying any joy wherever it was found.
And I still wonder: how did it ever happen that these nasty nuts got as far as they did?
I get and have studied a lot of the complicated issues that are involved, and I still wonder. Because normally societies and cultures, and the world, manages to marginalize wierd death cults. And this one keeps coming back. I guess we have to give Islam at large the same patience we gave Christianity in tamping down the excesses. But that means maybe a couple hundred years more of this? Sigh....
by artappraiser on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 2:11pm
Let's see :Catholics included Father Coughlin and the Berrigans. Jews included Begin and Rabin.Muslims included the Taliban and the many Muslims who assisted us in Iraq.
One weekend in the 70s we hosted a Hungarian escapee from 56 and his brother who remained as a Party official. And their families. The Communist kids loved the ice cream.
See March 1990 NY Review photo of Dubcek and Havel on a balcony learning the (last ) Communist Government had resigned: those two brave and wise men, one who tried to humanize a Communist Government and one who finally overthrew it, sharing a look of triumph.
There were/are good and bad people serving Communist governments and ours.
And while I unhesitatingly state that the Soviet Government was terrible, we -and the entire Middle East -are still living with the consequences of Kermit Roosevelt's overthrow of Mossadech.
by Flavius on Fri, 02/24/2017 - 11:58pm
thanks for the hope springs eternal, Flav
by artappraiser on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 9:01am
When the 56 escapee made the mistake of visiting Hungary in the 80s he was imprisoned in a
mental hospital. Got out somehow. Occasionally read his letters in the Times for which his son
is now a famous contributor.
On a personal level of course Evil and its opposite are universal. I was assured by an until then German friend that the holocaust was defensible " You don't know what they were like." And had kind assistance when my wife stumbled in the Moscow subway.
I won't venture into attempting to distinguish good and non-good countries. I guess Denmark hasn't done much harm since something was rotten there. But there's been no point since Plymouth Rock when we have not been heavily racist or have not been willing to let the poor die of conditions for which the rich are quickly treated. Nor when Russia has had a benevolent Government. Nor when Great Britain was great for its colonies , including us. France? Spain ? You jest.
revised to correct one letter
by Flavius on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 8:44pm
Yes the mental hospital thing was a favorite of the USSR and satellites. For artistic "dissidents" especially, paint or write the wrong things and you got the free "medical care" that the state said you needed. I've met several of that experience from a major Leningrad artistic circle. They weathered well what might break someone from our culture, now successful and happy exiles for decades (missing the fall of the wall probably for the best.) From what I've read, the psychological and psychiatric professions there are still tainted by that whole thing, a much worse bunch of quacks than ours even.
One awful weakness that appears to remain from Soviet despair in Russia and former SSR's: substance abuse, specifically epidemic level of alcoholism.
On Holocaust denial, so widespread of a small minority, that is not particular to a culture, only to anti-Semitic Christian and Muslim tribalism. One should always keep in mind with such folk the old adage "First they came fro the Jews, then they came for....." because one can always be on the other side of that tribe in an instant, they need to create an enemy to blame for bad luck or whatever.
by artappraiser on Sat, 02/25/2017 - 6:37pm
Key bridge taken in Mosul - will allow much easier crossing into old quarter once pontoon/overaly fixed.
by PeraclesPlease on Tue, 02/28/2017 - 1:40am